Herpes Information

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause symptoms on the mouth (oral herpes) or genitals (genital herpes).

About 50 to 80 percent of American adults have oral herpes, which is commonly called cold sores or fever blisters.

About one in five adults in the United States has genital herpes. However, most people don’t know they are infected because their symptoms are too mild to notice or mistaken for another condition.

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the herpes simplex viruses type 1 and type 2. Most genital herpes is caused by HSV-2. Most individuals have no or only minimal signs or symptoms from HSV-1 or HSV-2 infection. When signs do occur, they typically appear as one or more blisters on or around the genitals or rectum. The blisters break, leaving tender ulcers (sores) that may take two to four weeks to heal the first time they occur. Typically, another outbreak can appear weeks or months after the first, but it almost always is less severe and shorter than the first outbreak.

Herpes simplex virus-1 and HSV-2 can be found in and released from the sores that the viruses cause, but they also are released between outbreaks from skin that does not appear to be broken or to have a sore. Generally, a person can only get HSV-2 infection during sexual contact with someone who has a genital herpes infection. Transmission can occur from an infected partner who does not have a visible sore and may not know that he or she is infected.

Herpes Treatment (oral and genital viruses):

There are two antiviral medications that are FDA-approved for the treatment of genetal and oral herpes:

Acyclovir (Zovirax) - The oldest antiviral medication for herpes is acyclovir. Acyclovir is available as a generic drug and is also sold under the brand name Zovirax

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Valtrex - effective medication for treating oral and genital herpes in a one-day treatment of 2 grams taken at the first sign of a cold sore, and then again about 12 hours later.

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Oral Herpes

Oral herpes is transmitted through direct contact between the contagious area and broken skin (a cut or break) and mucous membrane tissue (such as the mouth or genitals). Herpes can also be transmitted when there are no symptoms present. There are several days throughout the year when the virus reactivates yet causes no symptoms. By performing oral sex on someone who has genital herpes, it would be possible to contract oral herpes - but this is rare. Most cases of genital herpes are caused by HSV-2, which rarely affects the mouth or face. Also, and even more importantly, most adults already have oral HSV-1, contracted as a child through kissing relatives or friends. For oral herpes treatment see links about Zovirax and Valtrex preparates.

Used articles and resources

American Social Health Association | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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